Building record MAB27748 - DEER ABBEY

Remains of a Cistercian Abbey, founded in the 13th Century as a daughter house of Kinloss.

Remains of a Cistercian Abbey, founded in the 13th Century as a daughter house of Kinloss. The abbey's history is obscure, and judging from the remains, the community could never have been large. In 1544 an abbot and eleven monks were recorded. The abbey fell into disrepair in the late 16th Century. In 1809 the ruins were cleared of rubbish and repaired by the then owner, James Ferguson of Pitfour, but in 1854 it was practically destroyed by Admiral Ferguson in order to build a mausoleum in the grounds. The remains were bought by the Roman Catholic Church in 1930 who gave custody to the Ministry of Works. The mausoleum was removed and the Abbey repaired and laid out as it is today. The remains of the church and cloister can be seen along with the domestic west and south range with the kitchen and refectory, also the chapter-house, toilets, abbot's house and infirmary. A symbol stone, sculptured on both faces, was reported as standing at the Abbey at the east end of a range of buildings a few years prior to 1856 but in 1903 it was noted that it had been lost for a number of years and there is now no trace. The stone was recorded as having a rectangle symbol above crescent and V-rod on one face, and an incised cross on the other. To the south of the abbey lies the remains of either a possible kiln or mill on the north bank of the South Ugie Water. It was partially excavated in 1985 but not enough to establish exactly what this feature represents. A number of fragments of French pottery have been found over the years since the 1930s. These include sherds of Martincamp type flasks, sherds of Loire type narrow-necked jugs, and sherds of jugs of Beauvois lead glazed earthenware. A small-scale excavation was carried out by Kirkdale Archaeology in August 2011 during work to remove a large diseased tree at the main entrance to the site on its north side. Little was excavated that was not already disturbed by the tree roots. At the south end of the east section of the trench a sequence of paths was recorded. A gravel surface below the current path is probably 20th century in date, while the metalled surface (below) may relate to the 19th century lay out, perhaps more of a garden feature than anything to do with the Abbey. The rubble layer below this metalled surface could be a deliberate underlay to this surface, or perhaps just represent rubble from the Abbey or the Mausoleum. At the north end of this section a very different sequence was observed. Here the north part of the enclosing wall was found to overlie an earlier, mortar bonded, wall. This followed a definite curve, and seemed to have a matching curved inner face, where the masonry stepped up to the northeast. Although little was visible, it resembled a curved step, and might suggest a precursor to the current entrance arrangements. Although outside the scope of this project to record in detail, it is clear that the masonry of the gatehouse has been altered, and it may be that the current steps are a replacement of an earlier version represented by the wall. It is possible that the wall is a fragment of a medieval structure on the north side of the Abbey church. A deposit seemed to be built up against the southeast face of the wall, but root disturbance meant that its full extent could not be established. It is possible for example that this deposit represents the fill of a cut for the insertion of the wall. At the base of the sequence, a deposit ran under the wall, and seems likely to represent a medieval deposit, albeit possibly a late demolition layer - perhaps post-dating the Reformation. Various finds are recorded from the site in the 1930s, found during works: in 1930 - 25 coins; in 1931 between September and November - locket (in two pieces), George III sixpence, silver coin, George III halfpenny, piece of carved oak of late 15th or early 16th century date, two boxes of pottery found cleaning out the main drain; 1938 - James VI half plack coin.

Period Notes
Founded 1219; abbot and eleven monks were recorded 1544; dismantling began c.1590; S range partially rebuilt 1809; remains bought by the Roman Catholic Church in 1930 who gave custody to the Ministry of Works.

Author unknown, , PRESS & JOURNAL, 19/04/88 (Bibliographic reference). SAB1416.

Author unknown, , PRESS & JOURNAL, 24/07/1987 (Bibliographic reference). SAB1416.

STUART, J, 1856, SCULPTURED STONES OF SCOTLAND, PL 4 (Bibliographic reference). SAB1800.

MACGIBBON, T, 1896, ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE OF SCOTLAND 1, 274-78 (Bibliographic reference). SAB1141.

ALLEN, JR, 1903, EARLY CHRISTIAN MONUMENTS OF SCOTLAND 3, 162 (Bibliographic reference). SAB3.

SIMPSON, W.D., 1952, DEER ABBEY (Bibliographic reference). SAB1684.

CRUDEN, S, 1956, PSAS 89(1955-6) 67-79, 69,72,78-9 (Bibliographic reference). SAB2325.

EASSON, D, 1957, MEDIEVAL RELIGIOUS HOUSES: SCOTLAND, 63, 191 (Bibliographic reference). SAB440.

CRUDEN, S, 1960, SCOTTISH ABBEYS, 72 (Bibliographic reference). SAB2324.

LAING, LR, 1970, PSAS 102(1969-70) 146-55, 146 (Bibliographic reference). SAB1092.

STONES, J, 1985, TRIAL EXCAVATIONS, DEER ABBEY, TYPESCRIPT (Bibliographic reference). SAB3236.

FRASER, I, 2008, THE PICTISH SYMBOL STONES OF SCOTLAND, no.14 (Bibliographic reference). SAB2523.

KIRKDALE ARCHAEOLOGY, 2011, DEER ABBEY: TREE STUMP REMOVAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION (Bibliographic reference). SAB1020.

ARCHAEOLOGY SCOTLAND, 2012, DISCOVERY AND EXCAVATION IN SCOTLAND. NEW SERIES, VOLUME 12, 2011, p.25 (Bibliographic reference). SAB5536.

Apr 10 1997 , AAS/97/04/CT41-2, AAS/97/04/CT41-2 (Air-oblique Photograph). SAB16707.

Apr 10 1997 , AAS/97/04/G8/14-16, AAS/97/04/G8/14-16 (Air-oblique Photograph). SAB16706.

Aug 26 1997 , AAS/GR/97/CT371-390, AAS/GR/97/CT371-390 (Ground Photograph). SAB33045.

Feb 24 2015 , AAS-GR-15-02-016 - 025, AAS-GR-15-02-016 - 025 (Ground Photograph). SAB20966.

Jan 15 1982 , AAS/82/01-2/S2/23, AAS/82/01-2/S2/23 (Air-oblique Photograph). SAB14811.

Jul 14 1951 , GR 0068, GR 0068 (Air-oblique Photograph). SAB14809.

Jul 29 1975 , BVI 022, BVI 022 (Air-oblique Photograph). SAB14808.

Mar 1 2011 , AAS/2011/2/DG3388, AAS/2011/2/DG3388 (Air-oblique Photograph). SAB13342.

Mar 1 2011 , AAS/2011/2/DG3390-7, AAS/2011/2/DG3390-7 (Air-oblique Photograph). SAB13343.

Mar 17 2005 , AAS/05/1/CT40, AAS/05/1/CT40 (Air-oblique Photograph). SAB18953.

Mar 17 2005 , AAS/05/1/CT70-1,73-81, AAS/05/1/CT70-1,73-81 (Air-oblique Photograph). SAB12558.

May 3 2001 , Flight 13/27/E4136-4168, Flight 13/27/E4136-4168 (Air-oblique Photograph). SAB17821.

May 3 2001 , Flight 13/27/E6501-6604, Flight 13/27/E6501-6604 (Air-oblique Photograph). SAB17820.

SDD, n.d., BLDS OF ARCH & HIST INTEREST, OLD DEER 34 (Bibliographic reference). SAB1827.

Author unknown, n.d., BUCHAN OBSERVER, 02/06/81 (Bibliographic reference). SAB113.

Author unknown, n.d., BUCHAN OBSERVER, 09/06/81 (Bibliographic reference). SAB113.

Author unknown, n.d., BUCHAN OBSERVER, 21/07/87 (Bibliographic reference). SAB113.

Sep 1 1997 , AAS/GR/97/CT395-398, AAS/GR/97/CT395-398 (Ground Photograph). SAB33048.

Sep 2 1987 , AAS(A)/87/03/S3/24,25, AAS(A)/87/03/S3/24,25 (Air-oblique Photograph). SAB14810.

Sep 8 2006 , DG759-790, DG759-790 (Ground Photograph). SAB18767.

Sep 14 1984 , DC 35-37, DC 35-37 (Ground Photograph). SAB14805.

Sep 14 1984 , DE 3, DE 3 (Ground Photograph). SAB14806.

Sep 14 1984 , DF 4-18, DF 4-18 (Ground Photograph). SAB14807.

Record last edited

Aug 23 2024 3:46PM